{"id":399,"date":"2016-07-04T14:56:43","date_gmt":"2016-07-04T12:56:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/worldline.syndicatcgt.fr\/?page_id=399"},"modified":"2016-07-04T14:56:43","modified_gmt":"2016-07-04T12:56:43","slug":"histoires-des-syndicats","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cgtmagellan.fr\/index.php\/histoires-des-syndicats\/","title":{"rendered":"Histoires des Syndicats"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Incultures 5  Le travail  Franck Lepage  Gal Tanguy  Scop Le Pave  Confrence gesticul\u00e9e\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eLVQYv1kOVI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>1895\u00a0 :\u00a0 le\u00a0 congr\u00e8s\u00a0 fondateur &#8230;<\/h3>\n<p>Ce\u00a0 congr\u00e8s\u00a0 peut\u00a0 \u00eatre\u00a0 consid\u00e9r\u00e9\u00a0 comme\u00a0 le\u00a0 moment\u00a0 d\u2019unification\u00a0 du\u00a0 mouvement\u00a0 syndical.\u00a0 Il r\u00e9unit\u00a0 les\u00a0 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s\u00a0 de\u00a0 28\u00a0 f\u00e9d\u00e9rations\u00a0 d\u2019industries\u00a0 ou\u00a0 de\u00a0 m\u00e9tiers,\u00a0 de\u00a0 18\u00a0 Bourses\u00a0 du\u00a0 travail et\u00a0 de\u00a0 126\u00a0 syndicats\u00a0 non\u00a0 f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Les\u00a0 statuts\u00a0 de\u00a0 la\u00a0 Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration, vot\u00e9s\u00a0 lors\u00a0 du\u00a0 congr\u00e8s,\u00a0 stipulent que la<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00abConf\u00e9d\u00e9ration g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du travail a exclusivement pour objet d\u2019unir, sur le terrain \u00e9conomique et\u00a0 dans\u00a0 des\u00a0 liens\u00a0 d\u2019\u00e9troite\u00a0 solidarit\u00e9, les travailleurs en lutte pour leur\u00a0 \u00e9mancipation\u00a0 int\u00e9grale\u00bb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Face au 1er conflit mondial<\/h3>\n<p>A\u00a0 cette\u00a0 \u00e9poque,\u00a0 la\u00a0 CGT\u00a0 revendiquait la Journ\u00e9e de 8 heures et d\u00e9non\u00e7ait\u00a0 la\u00a0 retraite\u00a0 des\u00a0 morts.<\/p>\n<p>En 1900, la CGT cr\u00e9e son propre journal\u00a0 \u00abLa\u00a0 Voix\u00a0 du\u00a0 Peuple\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>La\u00a0 <strong>charte\u00a0 d\u2019Amiens<\/strong>\u00a0 adopt\u00e9e\u00a0 en 1906\u00a0 marque\u00a0 le\u00a0 triomphe\u00a0 des th\u00e8ses de l\u2019anarcho-syndicalisme.<\/p>\n<p>La\u00a0 question\u00a0 de\u00a0 L\u2019\u00c9tat\u00a0 va\u00a0 cristalliser les clivages dans la CGT entre r\u00e9formistes\u00a0 et\u00a0 r\u00e9volutionnaires, accentu\u00e9s par l\u2019arriv\u00e9e au gouvernement\u00a0 d\u2019anciens\u00a0 dirigeants\u00a0 socialistes \u00e0 l\u2019approche de la guerre.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est\u00a0 dans\u00a0 ce\u00a0 contexte\u00a0 que\u00a0 peu \u00e0\u00a0 peu\u00a0 la\u00a0 CGT\u00a0 va\u00a0 rallier\u00a0 l\u2019union sacr\u00e9e,\u00a0 pourtant\u00a0 apr\u00e8s\u00a0 avoir\u00a0 lutt\u00e9\u00a0 contre.\u00a0 Au\u00a0 lendemain\u00a0 de\u00a0 la guerre,\u00a0 les\u00a0 divisions\u00a0 persistent.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a01920\u00a0 :\u00a0 la\u00a0 1\u00e8re\u00a0 scission\u00a0 :<\/h3>\n<p>Au sortir de la guerre, la journ\u00e9e de 8h00 et les conventions collectives sont adopt\u00e9es, mais dans les faits, elles ne seront pas appliqu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p><strong>En\u00a0 novembre\u00a0 1919,\u00a0 la\u00a0 CFTC\u00a0 se constitue sur une base confessionnelle chr\u00e9tienne ouvertement oppos\u00e9e\u00a0 au\u00a0 syndicalisme\u00a0 de\u00a0 classe.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La\u00a0 CGTU\u00a0 na\u00eet\u00a0 de\u00a0 l\u2019exclusion\u00a0 des minoritaires de la CGT. Le pluralisme syndical fait place \u00e0 la division syndicale\u00a0 :\u00a0 CGT,\u00a0 CGTU,\u00a0 CFTC.<\/p>\n<p>Dans\u00a0 une\u00a0 p\u00e9riode\u00a0 marqu\u00e9e\u00a0 par la\u00a0 mutation\u00a0 de\u00a0 l\u2019ouvrier\u00a0 de\u00a0 m\u00e9tier\u00a0 vers\u00a0 l\u2019ouvrier\u00a0 d\u2019industrie\u00a0 et l\u2019essor\u00a0 du\u00a0 Taylorisme,\u00a0 CGT\u00a0 et CGTU s\u2019opposent sur les formes et\u00a0 les\u00a0 moyens\u00a0 pour\u00a0 transformer la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. La CGT voit ses effectifs\u00a0 cro\u00eetre\u00a0 jusqu\u2019en\u00a0 1930.<\/p>\n<p>La\u00a0 CGT\u00a0 regroupe\u00a0 dans\u00a0 un\u00a0 premier\u00a0 temps\u00a0 tous\u00a0 les\u00a0 opposants au\u00a0 r\u00e9formisme,\u00a0 alors\u00a0 que\u00a0 la CGTU\u00a0 se\u00a0 structure\u00a0 \u00e0\u00a0 partir\u00a0 des organisations\u00a0 issues\u00a0 de\u00a0 la\u00a0 CGT.<\/p>\n<p>La crise \u00e9conomique et sociale se d\u00e9veloppe.\u00a0 Le\u00a0 coup\u00a0 de\u00a0 force\u00a0 des ligues\u00a0 d\u2019extr\u00eame\u00a0 droite\u00a0 en\u00a0 1934, entra\u00eene\u00a0 une\u00a0<strong> manifestation\u00a0 commune de la CGTU et de la CGT.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>1936 : La r\u00e9unification<\/h3>\n<p>Les\u00a0 directions\u00a0 conf\u00e9d\u00e9rales pouss\u00e9es\u00a0 par\u00a0 la\u00a0 base,\u00a0 sont contraintes\u00a0 de\u00a0 discuter\u00a0 de\u00a0 la\u00a0 r\u00e9unification\u00a0 qui\u00a0 se\u00a0 r\u00e9alise\u00a0 en 1936\u00a0 au\u00a0 congr\u00e8s\u00a0 de\u00a0 Toulouse.<\/p>\n<p>Avec\u00a0 le\u00a0 succ\u00e8s\u00a0 du\u00a0 Front\u00a0 Populaire\u00a0 et\u00a0 surtout\u00a0 des\u00a0 luttes, le\u00a0 patronat\u00a0 est\u00a0 oblig\u00e9\u00a0 de\u00a0 signer\u00a0 les\u00a0 accords\u00a0 de\u00a0 Matignon.<\/p>\n<p>La\u00a0 CGT\u00a0 obtient\u00a0 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>des\u00a0 augmentations\u00a0 de\u00a0 salaires\u00a0 de\u00a0 7\u00a0 \u00e0\u00a0 15\u00a0 %,<\/li>\n<li>la\u00a0 cr\u00e9ation\u00a0 des\u00a0 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s\u00a0 d\u2019atelier,<\/li>\n<li>la\u00a0 cr\u00e9ation\u00a0 des\u00a0 conventions\u00a0 collectives,<\/li>\n<li>la\u00a0 semaine de\u00a0 40\u00a0 heures \u00a0et\u00a0 les\u00a0 15\u00a0 premiers\u00a0 jours\u00a0 de\u00a0 cong\u00e9s\u00a0 pay\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00e9anmoins,\u00a0 les\u00a0 clivages\u00a0 au\u00a0 sein de\u00a0 la\u00a0 CGT\u00a0 r\u00e9apparaissent\u00a0 \u00e0\u00a0 propos\u00a0 de\u00a0 la\u00a0 guerre\u00a0 civile\u00a0 espagnole,\u00a0 de\u00a0 la\u00a0 pause\u00a0 des\u00a0 r\u00e9formes d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9e\u00a0 par\u00a0 le\u00a0 gouvernement (1937),\u00a0 des\u00a0 accords\u00a0 de\u00a0 Munich et\u00a0 de\u00a0 l\u2019\u00e9chec\u00a0 de\u00a0 la\u00a0 gr\u00e8ve\u00a0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale contre\u00a0 les\u00a0 d\u00e9crets\u00a0 lois\u00a0 (1938).<\/p>\n<h3>1940\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 1945\u00a0 :\u00a0 les\u00a0 ann\u00e9es troubles<\/h3>\n<p>La\u00a0 CGT\u00a0 \u00e9clate,\u00a0 la\u00a0 plupart\u00a0 des militants\u00a0 devenant\u00a0 clandestins, d\u2019autres\u00a0 rejoignant\u00a0 P\u00e9tain.\u00a0 Il\u00a0 faut attendre 1940-1941 pour que des luttes \u00e9mergent et se d\u00e9veloppent et 1943 pour que la CGT se r\u00e9unifie.<\/p>\n<p>La CGT participera \u00e0 la <strong>r\u00e9sistance<\/strong>, puis\u00a0 \u00e0\u00a0 la\u00a0 gr\u00e8ve\u00a0 insurrectionnelle qui\u00a0 lib\u00e8rera\u00a0 Paris.\u00a0 La\u00a0 CGT\u00a0 est membre\u00a0 du\u00a0 Conseil\u00a0 National\u00a0 de la\u00a0 R\u00e9sistance\u00a0 et\u00a0 participe\u00a0 aussi\u00a0 \u00e0 la\u00a0 r\u00e9daction\u00a0 de\u00a0 son\u00a0 programme.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s la lib\u00e9ration, la CGT appelle \u00e0 la bataille de la production pour la reconstruction \u00e9conomique du pays. La guerre froide, les strat\u00e9gies divergentes, le poids du pass\u00e9 divisent\u00a0 la\u00a0 CGT,\u00a0 malgr\u00e9\u00a0 des\u00a0 victoires\u00a0 importantes\u00a0 notamment\u00a0 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>les\u00a0 nationalisations,<\/li>\n<li>les\u00a0 Comit\u00e9s d\u2019Entreprises,<\/li>\n<li>la\u00a0 S\u00e9curit\u00e9\u00a0 sociale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>1947 &#8211; 1968 : la recherche de l\u2019unit\u00e9 d\u2019action<\/h3>\n<p>En\u00a0 <strong>1947\u00a0<\/strong> le\u00a0 syndicat\u00a0 FO\u00a0 se constitue.<\/p>\n<p>Les\u00a0 enseignants cr\u00e9ent\u00a0 la\u00a0 FEN,\u00a0 refusant\u00a0 de choisir\u00a0 entre\u00a0 la\u00a0 CGT\u00a0 et\u00a0 FO.<\/p>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9\u00a0 l\u2019affaiblissement\u00a0 de\u00a0 la CGT,\u00a0 des\u00a0 luttes\u00a0 se\u00a0 d\u00e9veloppent.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019importance\u00a0 des\u00a0 gr\u00e8ves\u00a0 de\u00a0 1953 sur le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019\u00e2ge de la retraite\u00a0 dans\u00a0 la\u00a0 fonction\u00a0 publique d\u00e9bouche sur des luttes unitaires dans\u00a0 de\u00a0 nombreux\u00a0 secteurs.<\/p>\n<p>Celles-ci\u00a0 se\u00a0 renforcent\u00a0 au\u00a0 regard de la hausse des prix, des atteintes \u00e0\u00a0 la\u00a0 s\u00e9curit\u00e9\u00a0 sociale,\u00a0 du\u00a0 blocage des\u00a0 salaires\u00a0 et\u00a0 de\u00a0 la\u00a0 d\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n<p>Dans\u00a0 le\u00a0 m\u00eame\u00a0 temps,\u00a0 la\u00a0 CGT se\u00a0 lance\u00a0 dans\u00a0 la\u00a0 bataille\u00a0 pour la\u00a0 fin\u00a0 de\u00a0 la\u00a0 guerre\u00a0 en\u00a0 Alg\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>En 1964, la CFTC scissionne et la CFDT\u00a0 est\u00a0 cr\u00e9\u00e9e<\/strong>.\u00a0 Toutefois,\u00a0 une minorit\u00e9\u00a0 de\u00a0 militants\u00a0 permet\u00a0 de maintenir la CFTC.<\/p>\n<p>Confront\u00e9s au blocage des salaires, \u00e0 l\u2019aust\u00e9rit\u00e9, \u00e0 la\u00a0 multiplication\u00a0 des\u00a0 fermetures d\u2019entreprise et aux licenciements, CGT\u00a0 et\u00a0 CFDT\u00a0 signent\u00a0 en\u00a0 1966un accord sur des revendications minimales. Les gr\u00e8ves et les manifestations\u00a0 unitaires\u00a0 se\u00a0 succ\u00e8dent.<\/p>\n<p>Hormis\u00a0 la\u00a0 gr\u00e8ve\u00a0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale\u00a0 du\u00a0 13 mai\u00a0 1968,\u00a0 qui\u00a0 f\u00fbt\u00a0 unitaire\u00a0 avec la\u00a0 CFDT,\u00a0 la\u00a0 FEN\u00a0 et\u00a0 l\u2019UNEF, chaque\u00a0 organisation\u00a0 syndicale\u00a0 fera\u00a0 cavalier\u00a0 seul\u00a0 dans\u00a0 le contexte des \u00e9v\u00e8nements de 1968.<\/p>\n<p>Ceux-ci d\u00e9boucheront sur les accords de Grenelle.<\/p>\n<h3>1968-1981\u00a0 :\u00a0 Les\u00a0 syndicats face \u00e0 la crise.<\/h3>\n<p>Les\u00a0 bouleversements\u00a0 technologiques\u00a0 et\u00a0 les\u00a0 mutations\u00a0 du\u00a0 salariat\u00a0 s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent.\u00a0 Apr\u00e8s\u00a0 les\u00a0 \u00e9v\u00e8nements de 1968, le changement social est \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour.<\/p>\n<p>A partir\u00a0 de\u00a0 mars\u00a0 1969,\u00a0 premi\u00e8re\u00a0 journ\u00e9e d\u2019action unitaire CGT-CFDT, les luttes vont se d\u00e9velopper dans tout le pays (Lip, Rateau&#8230;). Mais peu\u00a0 \u00e0\u00a0 peu\u00a0 les\u00a0 relations\u00a0 vont\u00a0 se<\/p>\n<p>tendre entre la CFDT et la CGT.<\/p>\n<h3>De 1981 \u00e0 nos jours :<\/h3>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s\u00a0 l\u2019\u00e9lection\u00a0 de\u00a0 Fran\u00e7ois\u00a0 Mitterrand,\u00a0 la\u00a0 d\u00e9sunion\u00a0 est\u00a0 totale.<\/p>\n<p>La\u00a0 CGT\u00a0 demeure\u00a0<strong> la\u00a0 seule\u00a0 force d\u2019entrainement\u00a0 des\u00a0 luttes<\/strong>,\u00a0 alors que\u00a0 la\u00a0 CFDT\u00a0 pr\u00f4ne\u00a0 le\u00a0 \u00abr\u00e9alisme social\u00bb,\u00a0 FO\u00a0 \u00abl\u2019ind\u00e9pendance\u00bb et\u00a0 la\u00a0 CGC\u00a0 \u00able\u00a0 corporatisme\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Confront\u00e9es\u00a0 au\u00a0 chacun\u00a0 pour soi,\u00a0 \u00e0\u00a0 la\u00a0 casse\u00a0 de\u00a0 l\u2019industrie, au\u00a0 ch\u00f4mage\u00a0 de\u00a0 masse,\u00a0 la\u00a0 CGT doit\u00a0 continuer\u00a0 \u00e0\u00a0 se\u00a0 r\u00e9inventer.<\/p>\n<p>Les\u00a0 militants\u00a0 d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, forts\u00a0 de\u00a0 cette\u00a0 histoire,\u00a0 doivent continuer\u00a0 de\u00a0 forger\u00a0 avec\u00a0 les salari\u00e9s\u00a0 l\u2019outil\u00a0 syndical\u00a0 dont ils\u00a0 ont\u00a0 besoin\u00a0 pour\u00a0 pr\u00e9server, maintenir,\u00a0 cr\u00e9er\u00a0 de\u00a0 nouveaux droits\u00a0 individuels\u00a0 et\u00a0 collectifs qui\u00a0 pourront\u00a0 perdurer\u00a0 et\u00a0 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier\u00a0 aux\u00a0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rations\u00a0 futures.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>1895\u00a0 :\u00a0 le\u00a0 congr\u00e8s\u00a0 fondateur &#8230; Ce\u00a0 congr\u00e8s\u00a0 peut\u00a0 \u00eatre\u00a0 consid\u00e9r\u00e9\u00a0 comme\u00a0 le\u00a0 moment\u00a0 d\u2019unification\u00a0 du\u00a0 mouvement\u00a0 syndical.\u00a0 Il r\u00e9unit\u00a0 les\u00a0 d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s\u00a0 de\u00a0 28\u00a0 f\u00e9d\u00e9rations\u00a0 <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cgtmagellan.fr\/index.php\/histoires-des-syndicats\/\" title=\"Histoires des Syndicats\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-399","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cgtmagellan.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cgtmagellan.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cgtmagellan.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cgtmagellan.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cgtmagellan.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=399"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cgtmagellan.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/399\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cgtmagellan.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}